On behalf of the Ponca Business Committee and Ponca Tribe, we send our condolences to the Powell, Thomas, Leclair, and Kemble families. To make matters worse, white settlers had been slowly filtering into Ponca Territory and squatting on valuable bottom land fields. COMMENTS; ABRAHAMSON: Bertha (Littlecook) 11 … When the agent returned to Nebraska, Standing Bearand other tribal members signe… However, attacks on the Omaha and Iowa villages by the Dakotas forced both the Omaha and the Iowa to leave the “bad village” site and migrate further south along the Missouri River. At the direction of Brigham Young, who stayed with the main group of Mormons in the Council Bluffs/Omaha area, this advance party traveled along the north side of the Platte River to a deserted Pawnee village on the Loup River near present day Genoa, Nebraska (Tibbitts, 2003, p. 1). Discouraged, homesick and hopeless, the Ponca now numbering 681, found themselves on the lands of strangers, in the middle of a hot summer, with no crops nor prospects for any (Howard, 1965, p. 35). Then, according to John John Champe (cited by Wood, 1959, p. 10), the Omaha and Iowa continued moving further south to build a village along Bow Creek near present day Wynot, Nebraska in Cedar County about 1735. In 1825 another treaty with the Ponca was made, in which the Ponca acknowledged that they lived within the “territorial limits of the United States,” thereby recognizing the supremacy of the larger force of the U.S. Government. According to Dorsey (1884, pp. From that time, the Iowa never again built a village near the Omaha (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 86). My name is Nadia Lynn Kent. These figures total 769, which differs from Fletcher's statement, “the total population of the tribe at that time was 733.” Fletcher further states that “there were eight chiefs, each of whom had his band,” and she gives a breakdown of the population among each as follows: When these cited figures above are added, the total comes to 600 persons accounted for. 6 Best Things to Do in Ponca City, Oklahoma. This page has been viewed 810 times (0 via redirect). The Ponca Tribe was approached by a government agent from the Indian Bureau, who selected 8 chiefs to accompany him to Oklahoma to look over several alternative sites for a new Ponca Reservation there. In 1966, the Northern Poncas were completely terminated and all of their land and tribal holdings were dissolved. The combined party attacked the Ponca hunting camp, killing a Ponca sub-chief named Heavy Cloud and 14 others in retaliation for selling their lands to the U.S. Government the previous year (Howard, 1965, p. 31). Membership to the tribe requires a 1/8 minimum blood quantum. During the 1970s members of the Northern Ponca Tribe, unwilling to accept their status as a terminated tribe, initiated the process of restoration to federal recognition. United States Indigenous Peoples of the US Oklahoma, United States Genealogy Indigenous Peoples of Oklahoma Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma). The Ponca tribe separated from the Omaha tribe in the early 18th century as they were migrating west from the Great Lakes region. The Northern Ponca now operates under a constitution consistent with the Indian Reorganization Act of 18 June 1934. They were quartered in tipis they had brought with them, as no other provisions had been made by the government for their accommodation. Their tribal jurisdiction spans parts of Kay and Noble counties. However, after the trial, President Rutherford B. Hayes assigned a commission to investigate details and found that the Ponca were being unjustly treated. These Ponca chiefs were documented by the Mormons as: There were many Mormons who wrote journals about their life and enjoyable experiences among the Ponca. 3.1K likes. It was not until after the United States military subdued the Sauk in 1834 during the Black Hawk War, that the Ponca and the Omaha gained some relief. Formal relations between the Ponca and the United States did not begin however, until 1817. Among the 18 killed was the famous Ponca Chief, Shu-de-ga-xe or “Smoke Maker” (the first of this name) (Report of P. Wilson to B. O’Fallon, 1824, National Archives, St. Louis Superintendency). In his work titled Known Village Sites of the Ponca, Dr. James H. Howard cites evidence that the Ponca continued westward to the Black Hills, while the Omaha and Iowa remained in the vicinity of the White River around 1715 (Howard, 1970, p. 131). Picture amber fields of wheat and pastureland dotted with oil derricks pumping black gold, as well as wind turbines capturing the Oklahoma wind. 20 White Eagle DrivePonca City, OK 74601(580) 762-8104Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm, List of Contact Numbers below for departments, and programs within the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma. DIED. Allen, Delkhina dau. The Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma is a tribal government that is comprised of 3783 members now located 5 miles south of Ponca City in the White Eagle Community. Chief Standing Bear's daughter Prairie Flower, and his wife Shines White, were among those who died along the way. Smallpox and other introduced Eurasian diseases took a heavy toll of the tribe repeatedly in the 18th and 19th centuries, as they had no immunity to the new diseases. "Oklahoma Indian Reservations," Handbook of Indians North of Mexico, by Frederick Webb Hodge, Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 History; 2 Records; 3 Agency Records. This is a list of federally recognized Native American Tribes in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.Oklahoma has the third largest numbers of tribes, behind Alaska and California. Ponca Tribe of Nebraska PO Box 288 Niobrara NE 68760 voice 402.857.3391 fax 402.857.3736 official website of the Nebraska/Northern Ponca Tribe Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma 20 White Eagle Drive Ponca City OK 74601 voice 580.762.9567 fax 580.762.2743 Official website of the Oklahoma/Southern Ponca Tribe Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,028. In 1962, the Congress of the United States decided that the Northern Ponca Tribe should be terminated. The group that traveled down river earned the name u-ga-xpa or Quapaw, meaning “with the current” or “downstream.” The Quapaw continued south along the east bank of the Mississippi River into what is now Arkansas, and these descriptive names were already in place by the time Hernando de Soto met the Quapaw Tribe when he crossed the Mississippi River in 1541 (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 36) and (Baird, 1989, p. 14). Over the next eight years, the Ponca repeatedly appealed to the U.S. Government for protection and assistance. It is then believed that the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa proceeded slowly northward through present day Missouri, and into present day Iowa. This document titled, “Constitution and Bylaws of the Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma” was registered with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Ponca Indian Reservation was located in Oklahoma. By March 1879, Standing Bear and his followers had reached the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska, and the Omaha Chief Iron Eyes took pity on them, and offered food and asylum. The city was named after the Ponca tribe. While the Mormons were there, 9 Ponca chiefs and sub-chiefs arrived on the 8th of August 1846, intending to seek peace negotiations with the Pawnee. both Omaha and Ponca legends say they were living in a village near a lake when the sacred cedar pole was found. Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family. Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. Keep the Poore family in prayer during this time. In the early 1800s, the Ponca were still a semi-sedentary tribe living in earth lodges that the Arikara taught them and the Omaha how to construct. 211-213). During the 1830s the Ponca were generally thought to be allies with elements of the Yankton Dakota and the Teton Lakota and frequently joined with them in warfare against the Pawnee. In the spring of the following year, in 1859, the Ponca tried to make their customary tribal buffalo hunt, but encountered a combined party of Sicangu Lakota, Oglala Lakota and Cheyenne at the headwaters of the Elkhorn River. The more powerful Sioux, also known as the Lakota, encroached on their land base. United States Department of Commerce, Frederick B. Dent, Secretary. [1] Current administration The Iowa continued further south almost to the Platte River, making a village near present day Florence, Nebraska in Douglas County. Two Bulls – son of Buffalo Bull (he becomes head chief when his father dies in September 1846. The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma is headquartered at White Eagle, near Ponca City, Oklahoma. 3, 1877 (xix, 287), May 27, 1878 (xx,??? 08/25/2018 . They settled in present-day Nebraska and South Dakota. These guidelines were adopted by the Oklahoma … Copyright © 2018 Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. 36-39) by 1835, a cholera epidemic killed an estimated 10% of the Ponca Tribe's population, further reducing their number to approximately 700 persons (Howard, 1965, p. 24). Kathleen Powell born June 27, 1948 in Ponca City, Oklahoma and passed away January 8, 2021. By August of 1881, only 26,236 acres in Knox County, Nebraska were returned to the Ponca near Niobrara, and by 1882, there were 170 Ponca living there. Operating as usual. Food was also scarce as they had been on the move during the summers of 1877 and 1878 and had not been able to cultivate any crops. FIRST MI. The Ponca, linguistically related to the Sioux, had settled in the area of northeast Nebraska and southeast South Dakota, having migrated there from the Ohio River Valley. By 1906, just one year prior to Oklahoma statehood, the total Ponca population was 833, divided as 570 Southern Ponca in Oklahoma and 263 Northern Ponca in Nebraska. Another location was found for them on the west bank of the Arkansas River, covering both sides of the Salt Fork River in North-Central Oklahoma near what is now Ponca City. Later it is believed, the Ponca returned to build a village with the Omaha and the Iowa at the mouth of the White River. She was a Ponca Elder who always showed compassion to others. In addition, 350 head of cattle, and 600 horses were recorded, along with wagons that had been provided. The Kay County town of Tonkawa is headquarters for the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma, where a museum preserves the tribe’s cultural heritage. Prior to 1500 AD, this collective group traveled from their original home in the Southeast, down the Ohio River to its mouth (Dorsey, 1886, p. 218). 12/04/2020 . Cession 628. Since the “War of 1812,” the Sauk Tribe had continued to make war on the Omaha and the Ponca earthlodge villages which lay between the Sauk Territory and the buffalo herds to the west. However, they were vulnerable from attack by larger nomadic tribes as evidenced by an event that took place in 1824. The Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma is governed by an elected business committee and tribal chairperson and vice-chairperson. (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 218). Although Standing Bear and his followers were freed in the spring of 1879, they had no home to return to in Nebraska. 3, 1881 (xxi, 422)[1]. Fancy Dance Casino is owned and operated by The Ponca Enterprise Gaming, LLC (PEG), a subsidiary of the Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. The Ponca chiefs refused to select any of the sites and after informing the government agent of their decision, requested to be allowed to return home to Niobrara, Nebraska. Beginning in 1856, although the Ponca tried to hunt in the spring and the fall in the traditional way, they were frequently turned away by Teton Lakota war parties. Gen. George Crook was then given orders by Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz to arrest the run-a-ways and return them to Indian Territory. References to the Ponca historical records include the variations la Pong, Panka and Punka. In July of 1878, the Ponca were moved again to this new parcel of 101,894 acres, and it was set apart as the Ponca Reservation. Later in 1847 the Mormons settled in the Rocky Mountains in what is now Salt Lake City, Utah. Poverty and disease would continue to take its toll on the Ponca over the years, however their populations steadily increased. Kathleen Powell June 27, 1948 - January 8, 2021. Historical and archaeological evidence verifies that the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa as a group, then traveled west to build a fortified village on the Big Sioux River, north of Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Howard, 1965, p. 15). Afternoon session will be at the Cultural Center at 2:00pm . Dissatisfied with the reservation system established after the Civil War, reformers and politicians decided to assimilate American Indians by forcing private ownership of land. Mr. & Mrs. John Allen, Apr. On behalf of the Ponca Business Committee and Ponca Tribe, we extend... our condolences for the loss of a well respected veteran and elder of the Ponca Tribe. (1) 08/25/2018 . My family, also, includes the late Emily No Ear Kent, and descent from Chief White Eagle and Chief Standing Bear. Casey Camp Horinek, the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma's environmental ambassador, speaks at a Black Lives Matter protest earlier this summer in Ponca City. It is also believed that it was at this time that the Arikara showed the Omaha, Ponca, Iowa group how to build an earthlodge, and in return, the Omaha gave the Marinara permission to perform certain aspects of the Hethuska Society traditions and dances (Howard, 1965, p. 14) (Duncan, 1997, p. 33). The chiefs were then forced to make the journey home in the middle of winter, without money, food or an interpreter. San Francisco, CA – After suffering for years with poisoned water and serious health issues due to fracking and injection wells on and near their reservation the governing body of the Ponca Nation of Oklahoma voted to pass a statute recognizing the rights of nature on Friday, October 20, 2017. Road will end. The information furnished to Fletcher by the Office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs showed the Wa-in-xu-de or “Gray Blanket” village was said to have a population of 377 persons, the Hu-bthon or “Fish Smell” village had 144 persons, and the “Point” village had 248 persons. Located on the North side of the settlement of White Eagle, Ponca Indian Reservation, Kay County, Oklahoma. (Duncan, 1997, p. 59) the Ponca then made first contact with French traders in 1794. Bending to their inevitable situation, the Ponca chiefs signed a treaty with the U.S. Government on 12 March 1858 which ceded to the government all 2.3 million acres of land which the Ponca owned or claimed “except for a small portion on which to colonize or domesticate them.” In return, the Federal Government promised to “protect the tribe in the possession of the remainder of their domain as their permanent home and to secure them in their persons and property” (Royce, 1899, p. 818). (O'shea & Ludwickson, 1992, pp. The name Ponca is a combination of Siouan dialects and has a symbolic connotation of 'sacred head.' If you have additional information about this cemetery, please e-mail area coordinator. Drum – principle chief of Fish Smell Village. I am a descendant of the Ponca Tribe and of the Wa’zha’she Clan. United States Indigenous Peoples of the US Oklahoma, United States Genealogy Indigenous Peoples of Oklahoma Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma) The Ponca Indian Reservation was located in Oklahoma. According to Alice Fletcher in The Omaha Tribe (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 51) by November 1874, the total population of the Ponca was counted as 733 persons, divided into three villages along the Niobrara River. This policy effected some 109 tribes and bands including 13,263 Indian people and 1,365,801 acres of trust land. Ponca City Public Schools . Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal Historic Preservation Office; Keeping tribal members up to date on the land office happenings for the Ponca Tribal Land Office. James O. Dorsey, an unusual large scale conflict took place between the Ponca and their old enemies the Pawnee. ), and Mar. The Ponca made first contact with Spanish traders in 1789, and in 1790 their estimated population was approximately three thousand strong. Black Warrior – a chief of the 2nd rank (nephew of Buffalo Bull). Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma: lt;p|> ||The |Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma|, also known as the |Ponca Nation|, is one of tw... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. 142nd Annual Ponca Celebration will still be going on today. Treaties. The Ponca were divided into two hunting groups, those from the Gray Blanket village and those from the Fish Smell village. This land was part of the Indian Territory purchased from the Cherokee by the U.S. Government in the treaty of 1866. The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma is headquartered in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Language Group . Little Chief – son of Smoke Maker (has hereditary leadership rites. Because the Ponca were not to leave their reservation without permission, Standing Bear and his small group of followers were labeled as a renegade band. United States Department of the Interior. A fact that still provides modern-day Ponca with a certain level of pride. They established winter camps along the Arkansas River, and they continued to practice their tribal customs. December 24, 2020 By Lana Van Cleave. The Omaha Daily Herald Newspaper publicized the plight of the Ponca group, and it was carried by many other newspapers across the country. It seems that both tribes were out on their tribal buffalo hunts and the encounter was accidental. However, the government made no effort to correct this fantastic error, or to protect the Ponca as promised in the treaty of 1858. However, Gen. Crook caught up with Standing Bear and his Ponca followers, took them into custody without incident, and began escorting them back to Indian Territory. The agent, angry at their lack of cooperation, then left the Ponca chiefs, some of whom were advanced in years and ill. Cut off from the buffalo and fearful of leaving their villages to farm outlying fields, the Ponca were often at the point of starvation. Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Ponca City, Oklahoma. Established -- 15 August 1876 Agency (BIA) -- Ponca Agency Principal tribes -- Ponca Population --Contents. Welcome to the Ponca Tribe Archives of the state of Oklahoma! This was followed in 1826 by yet another treaty, in which the Federal Government agreed to receive the Ponca “…into their friendship and under their protection.” it should be noted, that there are no records that exist to date, showing that any member of the Ponca Tribe have ever killed white settlers or soldiers, or have ever taken up arms against the United States of America. When Bear Shield, the eldest 12 year old son of Chief Standing Bear died in 1878, the Chief was unwilling to bury him in this strange country. Ponca City had a population of 25,387 at the time of the 2010 census. It was the ft. Laramie treaty of 1868 that forever altered the course of Ponca history. Involvement in this warfare continued to reduce the population of the Ponca. In the early 1700s, the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa migrated up the Missouri River to the mouth of the White River in South Dakota. Ponca Celebration Grand Entry 8pm Main Arena . Cemetery on left side. Unfortunately, this association with Europeans had caused a smallpox epidemic among the Ponca in 1800 prior to Lewis and Clark’s arrival, which significantly reduced their number (James, 1823, p. 225). White Eagle – son of Iron Whip (has hereditary leadership rites). From this time, the Ponca have been divided into the Northern Ponca of Nebraska and the Southern Ponca of Oklahoma (Howard, 1965, p. 38). It was then that the first treaty was made between the Ponca and the U.S. to establish “perpetual peace and friendship” (Howard, 1965, p. 27). Then the Ponca migrated by themselves, downstream along the Missouri River, then pushed westward and settled in Nebraska near the Niobrara River. 3.1 Correspondence and Census; 4 … 211-213) and Howard (1965, p. 11), the Ponca built a fortified village by themselves by Ponca Creek near the Niobrara River when the group reached the vicinity of present day Niobrara, Nebraska, in what is now Knox County. At first they warred with the Marinara, but later a peace was determined by performing the wa-wan or calumet ceremony. However, figures presented do not add up. The long march took a heavy toll on the tribe, over half of whom were women and children. Later during the 1600s, the Ponca, Omaha, Osage and Kansas that went upriver along the Mississippi, stayed for a time near present day Osage and Gasconde Counties in Missouri, west of present day St. Louis. The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, also known as the Ponca Nation, is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ponca people. During this time, the Omaha and Iowa pushed further south along the Missouri River to build a village at Covington, Nebraska in present day Dakota County. Those that traveled upriver were known as U-Mon-Hon meaning “against the current” or “upstream.” the U-Mon-Hon or Omaha was also comprised of the Ponca, Osage and Kansas. Location - Southwest of Ponca City~~~Corner of Waverly Street and old Highway 60, go south about 3 miles on Waverly to Riverview Road. 580.763.0135; gail.kent@ponca-nsn.gov; 198 White Eagle Dr, Ponca City, Ok. 74601 Of the 3,787 enrolled tribal members, 3000 live within the state of Oklahoma. Historic Tribes: Ponka. Peter Wilson, acting on behalf of Maj. Benjamin O’Fallon, visited a group of Ponca at the mouth of the Niobrara River. These figures total 769, which differs from Fletcher's statement, “the total population of the tribe at that time was 733.” Fletcher further states that “there were eight chiefs, each of whom had his band,” and she gives a breakdown of the population among each as follows: According to Alice Fletcher in The Omaha Tribe (Fletcher & Laflesche, 1911, p. 51) by November 1874, the total population of the Ponca was counted as 733 persons, divided into three villages along the Niobrara River. It was in this same area that Omaha and Ponca oral history say that the Omaha, Ponca and Iowa first encountered the Marinara, who at that time occupied territory in Northeastern Nebraska. The Ponca Chief Iron Whip indicated the best route for the Mormons to follow when they continued on their journey west in April of 1847. In 1876, the U.S. Government formulated a policy to consolidate as many tribes as possible in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma. The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma is headquartered in Ponca City, Oklahoma. The Fish Smell Poncas contented themselves with looting the deserted Pawnee hunting camp, taking such things as dried meat, moccasins, leggings, and rawhide lariats left behind. As a result, two prominent attorneys decided that a writ of habeas corpus, asking for 14th Amendment protection, could prevent the Ponca from being forcibly returned to their reservation in Oklahoma. By 20 October 1880, when agent A. R.  Satterwhite filed a report for the Ponca Agency in Indian Territory, the population of the Ponca in Oklahoma was now only 530 under the leadership of the following men: White EagleBlack CrowRush Into BattleThe ChiefBig BullBig SoldierChild Chief. The Ponca were very unhappy in this location and pleaded for a better location in the Indian Territory. Some 50 days later, the Ponca chiefs reached the Otoe Reservation along the Kansas/Nebraska border. The CDC released new guidelines on Wednesday, December 3, changing the quarantine guidelines for close contacts. The southern Ponca under principal chief White Eagle settled on a 101,000-acre reservation near the confluence of the Salt Fork and Arkansas rivers in the Cherokee Outlet (present Kay and Noble counties in Oklahoma). This archaeological site known as “Ponca Fort,” has been dated to circa 1700, and closely resembles the middle Mississippian fortified towns found in Ohio which date to 800 through 1550. By 1906, just one year prior to Oklahoma statehood, the total Ponca population was 833, divided as 570 Southern Ponca in Oklahoma and 263 Northern Ponca in Nebraska. Editor’s Note: This article is part of the multi-part series “Exiled to Indian Country” about the exile of Native Americans. The Ponca Reservation was established by Acts of Aug. 15, 1876 (xix, 192), Mar. It was not until 9 July 1877 that the party passed through Baxter Springs in Southeastern Kansas and crossed the line into the Indian Territory on the lands of the Quapaw Tribe. The Ponca were suffering from malaria in this new country and many died from it. § 2701 et seq., requiring the state of Oklahoma and Oklahoma's governor to negotiate a compact which would permit the tribe to operate a Class III gaming facility on the reservation. They migrated up the Des Moines River to its headwaters in what is now Minnesota and built a village for a time near the pipestone quarries. In the same report filed in 1880, it was recorded that among the Ponca in Oklahoma, 80 houses had been built. Then a grand council was established to reach an agreement on the terms of the peace, and rules of war and hunting. Buffalo Chip – a chief of the 2nd rank (after Black Warrior dies in August 1846). This treaty also stated that only “American Citizens” were to be allowed to reside among the tribe as traders, as was the custom at that time, and the tribe agreed to delegate the punishment of offenders to the United States Government, giving American traders an advantage over French and Spanish traders in the area. Throughout the 1700s the Ponca were referenced in various maps and literature as living between Ponca Creek and the Niobrara River in North-central Nebraska. ( brother of two Bulls – son of iron Whip – principle chief of the Siouan language family camps. As wind turbines capturing the Oklahoma wind individual tribal members, 3000 live within the of. 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