However, the government did maintain a Colored Corps unit at Niagara until 1850. To begin with, the rebellion in Upper Canada failed miserably because of the lack of military experience from the rebels, and, as a result, it wasnà  t very threathening. The lower Canadian rebels would have their crops and fields burned. Farmers organised target practice sessions and forges in the Home District and Sim… As a rare instance of armed insurgency in British North America, the 1837 Rebellion in what is now Ontario allows insight into the thinking and aspirations of early settlers. The causes of the rebellion in Upper Canada are unique and quite different from Lower Canada. As a result, the rebels would either have a death penalty or be transported to Bermuda/ Australia for 7 years. Fourteen-year-old Adam Wheeler arrives in Toronto in the autumn of 1837 with his uncle’s family. The British Reform movement, organized as "Political Unions," had achieved the Great Reform Bill of 1832 which broadened the electoral franchiseand helped eliminate political corruption. During the 1830s, a third of the bank's board were Legislative or Executive Councillors, and the remainder all magistrates. I need this info for a school history project, i need to know the post-rebellion outcomes. County boundaries existed -- however administration, courts and other civil functions were managed at the District level much like counties are now. In March 1837 the Tories passed a law making it cheaper to sue farmers by allowing city merchants to sue in the middle of harvest. Answer Save. Prescott in November and at Windsor in early December. [68] Mackenzie, Duncombe, Rolph and 200 supporters fled to Navy Island in the Niagara River and declared themselves the Republic of Canada on December 13. With the British minority in Lower Canada Consequences of Rebellion in Lower Canada: Causes of the rebellion in Lower Canada. It also allowed less radical He was a fierce critic of the Family Compact and the government's refusal to give political rights to American settlers. At this point only 200 men at Montgomery's Tavern were armed. [57] The rebels raided a mail coach, stole the passenger's money and looked for information about the progress of the rebellion in London, Ontario. There are many different factors that contributed to the 1873 rebellions of upper and lower Canada. John Charles Dent, writing in 1885, said the rebellion was a reaction from the public of the government mismanagement of the minority ruling elite. Mackenzie saw the bank as a prop of the Government and demanded farmers withdraw the money they had deposited in the bank and public confidence in the bank decreased. They mounted major raids at Pelee Island in Lake Erie in February, at Short Hills in June, at  It recommended that the Canadas be united into one colony. was already moving towards gradual change through its appointment of more reform-minded governors: Sir James Kempt (1828–30), Lord Aylmer (1830–35) Colonel Allan MacNab, who had just finished leading Upper Canadian militiamen during the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, was sent to engage Duncombe's uprising. Though poorly organized and easily crushed, the raids kept the border in a constant state of turmoil. Mackenzie went to the United States mainland where he was arrested for violating the Neutrality Act.[69]. [4], The Family Compact dominated the government of Upper Canada and the financial and religious institutions associated with it. The more recent trend is to dismiss the rebellions as unnecessary. They suffered a series of crop failures and were subject to harsh debt-collection laws. They were the leading members of the administration: executive councillors, legislative councillors, senior officials and some members of the judiciary. [58], The government organised a council of war and agreed to attack the rebels on December 7. -instead of accepting the 92 resolutions, the British This included the union of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada and the eventual introduction of responsible government. Terms in this set (11) Family Compact. His report in 1839 differentiated between the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. [9], The government of Upper Canada feared a growing interest in American-inspired republicanism in the province because of the increase in immigration of American settlers to the province. The rebels set up a roadblock south of the tavern on Yonge Street that Moodie tried riding through. He was wounded in an ensuing battle and taken to the tavern, where he died several hours later in severe pain. [77], William Kilbourn stated that the removal of Radicals from Upper Canada politics, either through execution or their retreat to the United States, allowed the Clear Grits to be formed as a more moderate political force that had fewer disagreements with the Tories than the reformers. Chateau Clique. Although the Upper and Lower Canadian Rebellions differed, they shared the common goal of establishing a responsible government. The united Province of Canada came into being in 1841. Representative Government. The rebels’ loss of the Anne ended their The rebellion itself failed, but its very failure helped pave the way for moderate and careful political change in British North America. Many were non-conformist in their religious views and somewhat republican in their political leanings.) The more extreme elements in the Reform movement then began to mobilize under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie. After the War of 1812, there was growing discontent in Upper Canada with the elite clique Relations between the appointed Legislative Council and the elected Legislative Assembly became increasingly strained in the years after the war, over issues of immigration, taxation, banking and land speculation. Many people in Upper Canada agreed with the Lower Canadian rebels about the need for change in the government. [10], The Upper Canada Central Political Union was organized in 1832–33 by Dr Thomas David Morrison and collected 19,930 signatures on a petition protesting William Lyon Mackenzie's expulsion from the House of Assembly. [27], On October 9 1837, a messenger from the Patriotes informed Mackenzie that the rebellion in Lower Canada was going to begin. [47] The rebel leaders met that night to discuss who would become the rebellion's leader after the death of Anderson and Lount's refusal to lead on his own. more moderate lines. His temperament and conviction led him to the point where he not only advocated armed rebellion against the colonial government but led it. [18], Unlike previous Lt. Governors, Bond Head actively supported Tory candidates and utilized Orange Order violence in order to ensure their election. Although Lount wanted to launch an attack that night, other rebels leaders rejected that plan so that the troops could rest after their march and they could get information from Rolph about the status of rebels who lived in Toronto. What economic, political, and social factors contributed to the rebellions of 1873 in Upper and Lower Canada? [46] As they were approaching Montgomery's Tavern Powell mortally shot Anthony Anderson in the neck and escaped back to Toronto to report to Bond Head. The Compact dominated the running of the government. In pursuit of this democratic goal, the Chartists eventually staged a similar armed rebellion, the Newport Rising, in Wales in 1839. [52] A group of twenty-six men led by Samuel Jarvis met the rebels on their march and fired upon them before running away. [43], A loyalist named Robert Moodie saw the large gathering at Montgomery's Tavern and rode towards Toronto to warn the officials. just upriver from the falls. [31] Rolph convinced Morrison to support the rebellion but they also told Mackenzie to get confirmation of support from rural communities. Although many rebels, including Duncombe, had fled prior to the upcoming battle due to hearing about the failure of Mackenzie in Toronto and general disorganization, there were still some present in Scotland, Ontario and MacNab commenced his attack on Scotland on December 14, causing the remaining rebels to flee after only a few shots were fired. Wealthy ruling group who controlled Upper Canada. He openly assisted the conservatives in winning the election of 1836. 9 years ago. The Upper Canada Rebellion was, along with the Patriotes Rebellion in Lower Canada, a rebellion against the colonial government in 1837 and 1838.Collectively they are also known as the Rebellion of 1837, while the Patriotes Rebellion is also called the Lower Canada Rebellion.. The rebellion and the raids also played into the hands of the ultra-Tory faction in Upper Canada. Wiki User Answered . passed in 1840. 1 Answer. The rebels from Toronto travelled to the United States in groups of two. Still smarting from his mother’s recent death and his father’s and stepmother’s apparent eagerness to be rid of him, Adam must now contend with Uncle Ted’s wild dreams of easy wealth in Upper Canada. In recounting the “myths of responsible government”, Romney emphasized that after the ascendancy of Loyalism as the dominant political ideology of Upper Canada any demand for democracy or for responsible government became a challenge to colonial sovereignty. The 1837 rebellion in Upper Canada was a less violent, more limited affair than the insurrection that same year in neighbouring Lower Canada, although its leaders, including William Lyon Mackenzie, were no less serious in their demands for democratic reform, and an end to the rule of a privileged oligarchy. His report eventually led to greater autonomy in the Canadian colonies and the union of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada in 1840. After the War of 1812 the colonial government prevented Americans from swearing allegiance, thereby making them ineligible to obtain land grants. [76] He thought the rebellion hastened the changes Reformers advocated by drawing attention to the province from the Colonial Office and the production of the Durham Report. The Upper Canada Rebellion was a lost attempt for change, which, at first, just resulted in severe punishment, such as death, flogging, hanging, and à  transportationà  , for the rebels. Why Were There Rebellions In Upper Canada In 1837-38? It is estimated that there were between 400 and 500 rebels who assembled under Duncombe.[66]. [44] When Rolph and Baldwin returned to Bond Head, they were informed that the government's offer had been withdrawn. [17] The movement was disappointed when Bond Head made it clear he had no intention of consulting the Executive Council in the daily operations of the administration. "Rebellion in Upper Canada". The impact did not happen immediately as intended though. After the first rebellion in 1837, normal civil rights were suspended by the application of martial law and Lord Durham was named Governor of all British North America. Mackenzie disagreed and wanted to attack the government troops. The ensuing conflicts along the border led to many more executions, deaths and deportations than the original The Rebellions of 1837 92 resolutions -it was a list that consisted of all the grievances in Lower Canada -The Patriotes took it directly to London for approval William Lyon Mackenzie What Caused the rebellion in Upper Canada? Protestant groups. Fitzgibbon was appointed commander of the government's forces. Upon receiving Rolph's message Lount marched a group of rebels into Toronto for December 4. Although initially believing the government's position was untenable he was inspired by a company of men that formed to defend the government. This kept the border in a state of turmoil for nearly a year. Historians of past generations insisted that without the rebellions, change would have come more slowly, if at all. The rebellions in both Upper and Lower Canada led directly to the appointment of Lord Durham and However, he succeeded in helping to cause the rebellion. 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