One possible reason for this is recognition of the immense, and increasing, economic and social burden of mental ill health worldwide [53,54,55]. Social inclusion: origins, concepts and key themes: Australian Institute of Family Studies. I really appreciate your marketing scales database online. The outputs of the tools varied substantially: 13/21 reported some form of a score of social exclusion or social inclusion. Life Day. 2001;82(4):429–34. 2005;8 https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616. Cabinet Office Social Exclusion Task Force & Department of Health. Accessed 14 Jul 2016. Google Scholar. The concept of “social exclusion” has become more prominent in discussions across many disciplines over the last number of decades. If that same person with the pneumonia is a person who injects drugs and who is rough sleeping, then the GPs advice and management may be different. Waghorn G, Chant D, King R. Classifying socially-valued role functioning among community residents with psychiatric disorders. ‘Social exclusion is a complex and multi-dimensional process. Groups that are commonly mentioned in the context of social exclusion and health include people who experience homelessness, people who are problem drug users, people who engage in sex work, Gypsies and Travellers and people with disabilities [27, 28]. To find publications related to these research questions we searched electronic databases, reference lists and key websites for both peer-reviewed papers and grey literature. Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Pvidence, Practice: World Health Organization. Criteria included work published in English between January 2000 and January 2017 from any country. : critically assessing the rise of the homelessness outcomes star. The government of the United Kingdom (UK) had also championed the idea of focusing on exclusion, establishing a specific Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) in 1997, which became part of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister to drive this agenda across government departments and policymaking activity [3, 8, 9]. model is an important one in the evolution of the concept of social exclusion; though the individualised solutions it brings with it are only some of the strategies needed to combat social exclusion on a wider scale. Over 30% of participants reported symptoms of a mild or above mild level of depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry. The majority of the individual level tools detailed in Table 1 result in quantitative scores or some other measure of social inclusion or social exclusion, and only two tools collected qualitative answers. As primary healthcare is the point of initial contact the majority of people have with the health system and it includes such a wide variety of components, it can offer help for many health issues. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 2006. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.469.5761&rep=rep1&type=pdf. This may explain why governments and others have adopted the positive language of social inclusion when developing policies or even establishing initiatives (e.g. Indexing: Web of Science (Social … J Res Nurs. These tools cover a wide variety of domains, perhaps highlighting the differing views of researchers and practitioners on what exactly is meant by the terms social exclusion and social inclusion. Find reliable measures for use in your questionnaires. A scoping review allows us to summarise the characteristics of measures of social exclusion and social inclusion that have previously been developed, and highlight any gaps in the extant evidence. Google Scholar. Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Room 342, Galway, Ireland, You can also search for this author in We have listed the measurement tools developed for use with individual patients in healthcare settings. Some authors did not definitively choose any one definition and instead listed a number of existing ones, while others combined elements of various definitions in an effort to provide clarity [41, 44, 45]. Secker J, Hacking S, Kent L, Shenton J, Spandler H. Development of a measure of social inclusion for arts and mental health project participants. The authors were unable to contact all tool authors; this meant having to rely on secondary sources for descriptions of some tools, leaving some sections of the tables incomplete. The majority of these had been specifically developed for the measurement of social inclusion or social exclusion, but a small number were created for the measurement of other closely aligned concepts. 2009. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/policy/future/pdf/1_omtzigt_final_formatted.pdf. The majority (15/21) of the tools were developed and used with patients attending mental health services of some kind. 17. A total of 170 documents were included in the final scoping review. 2010. https://www.desc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/DESC-VAT-WIMHRT.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2016. Participants were assigned through block randomization to either a social exclusion or inclusion Int.J. 2009;87(9):714–9. No-one knows how many gay people there are in Britain. For example, the SCOPE-C was developed by adapting the SCOPE tool from the UK for the language and cultural context of people in Hong Kong. 2011;15(2):78–87. social exclusion. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. 2015;124(1):127–39. POD drafted manuscript for publication that was commented on by KE and DOD. The work of the SEKN could have offered some clarity on questions relating to the concept of social exclusion, and yet there is little mention of the report in the background literature of the tools that were published after 2008. They were asked to provide a copy of the original tool for scrutiny. We have firstly shown that there is a wide range of definitions of both terms in use, and they tend to focus on quite different aspects of social exclusion and social inclusion. Additional file 1 summarises the background literature relating to each of the 22 tools selected for this scoping review. Popay and colleagues reported that the definitions used to explain the concept of social exclusion generally fell into two broad categories: those that documented the many things that a person or group could be excluded from and those definitions that sought to explain a broader “relational” approach that looked more closely at the mechanisms and societal imbalances that led to and perpetuated social exclusion [8, 21]. Poverty in Europe. The majority (15/21) of the tools were developed and used with patients attending mental health services of some kind. In Ireland, the term social inclusion has been adopted widely and appears frequently in policy documents across various sectors, particularly in health. The impression of an 2015;3(4):52–62. 2008. http://www1.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2010/PHC_The_World_Health_Report-2008.pdf. 2008. http://www.who.int/social_determinants/media/sekn_meaning_measurement_experience_2008.pdf.pdf. Many international bodies, such as the World Bank and the International Labour Organization, have also adopted the concept of social exclusion for use in their spheres of influence [10,11,12]. 2010;44(3):258–66. For instance, both online and in-person experiences of ostracism affect people in the same way (Filipkowski & Smyth, 2012). In: Room G, editor. Understanding and tackling social exclusion. These inequalities contribute to social exclusion processes, creating a vicious circle” [8]. Manual searches of the reference lists of included publications were carried out, and we attempted to contact all relevant tool authors. 2008. http://www.outcomesstar.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Q_Outcomes-Star-Impact-and-good-practice.pdf. The majority of these tools were designed for use in mental health settings. A scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to examine tools developed since 2000 that measure social exclusion or social inclusion. Article  Borkhataria C. Social exclusion that leads to ‘fake news’ conspiracy theories could be the secret of Donald Trump's success. Marino-Francis F, Worrall-Davies A. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2003. The Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey is also the first national study to attempt to measure social exclusion, and to introduce a methodology for poverty and social exclusion which is internationally comparable. Accessed 25 Apr 2017. The mental health recovery star. Bates P, Repper J. The Guardian. Wolfensberger W. Social role valorization: a proposed new term for the principle of normalization. Since my copies of the original books are slowly disintegrating due to the intensive use, I am happy that you are making them available in this way. Google Scholar. be grounded in a human rights approach to health and the values and principles of primary health care”, and highlighted the need to include “communities experiencing poverty and social exclusion in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy and practice” [26]. Definitions of social exclusion can be broadly categorised: some address the problems associated with exclusion [59, 60], others detail what aspects of life people are excluded from [61], and others mention the various levels on which exclusion is seen to operate [8]. 1983;21(6):234–9. Social determinants of health: the solid facts. London: Mind; 1999. http://www.siis.net/documentos/Digitalizados/900204_Creating%20Accepting%20Communities.pdf. SOCIAL EXCLUSION: CONCEPT, APPLICATION, AND SCRUTINY 5 This will obviously include Asia, since the paper is being written for use in the Asian Development Bank. Johnson G, Pleace N. How do we measure success in homelessness services? Thus, several tools for the measurement of social exclusion or social inclusion status in health care settings have been developed. POD, KE and DOD conceived the basic idea for the research. Some of the 22 tools included were previously validated and evaluated, others were not, and this was not taken into account for this publication. Soc Indic Res. ), EESAP02 : 2nd European Conference on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Architecture and Planning (pp. Improving Access to Health Care for Gypsies and Travellers, Homeless People and Sex Workers: Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Innovation and Research Centre. In: Task group submission to the marmot review; 2009. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.3665&rep=rep1&type=pdf. This may then lead to the presumption that if you measure social inclusion, you have assessed both social inclusion and social exclusion status. 2010. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/publications/measuring-social-inclusion.pdf. Accessed 12 May 2016. This scoping review offers a comprehensive description of existing work on the measurement at the individual level in healthcare settings of social exclusion and social inclusion. (Philip & Shucksmith 1999. Accessed 2 Nov 2016. 1992. http://aei.pitt.edu/34932/1/A1082.pdf. Br J Psychiatry. Gill PS, Hegenbarth A. Embedding social inclusion in general practice: time for action. Estivill J. Concepts and Strategies for Combating Social Exclusion: An Overview: International Labour Organization. Accessed 04 Feb 2017. Accessed 24 Jul 2017. Daly M. 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