The medieval period of the history of the Tamil country saw the rise and fall of many kingdoms, some of whom went on to the extent of empires, exerting influences both in India and overseas. Population of Telugu's and Tamils were more or less the same in those days, however dynamics of Madras city was changed post independence rapidly. Dhanu is widely believed to have been an LTTE member. With an estimated population of 8.9 million (2014), the 400-year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area in the world. • 400 years old city. On 20 August 1639, Francis Day of the East India Company along with Damerla Venkatadri Nayakadu traveled to Chandragiri palace to meet the Vijayanagara King Peda Venkata Raya and to obtain a grant for a small strip of land in the Coromandel Coast from in Chandragiri as a place to build a factory and warehouse for their trading activities. They appointed chieftains to look after the Kanchipuram region. Currently, the nomenclature of the area is in a state of controversy. 36 History Part Time jobs available in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on Indeed.com. Other prominent companies in the city included Gordon Woodroffe, Best & Crompton, Higginbotham's, Hoe & Co and P. Orr & Sons. Madras was the capital of the Madras Presidency and thus became home to important commercial organisations. Subsequent to Ilam Tiraiyan, the region was ruled by the Chola Prince Ilam Killi. This period witnessed remarkable development of trade and increase in wealth resulting in the building of many fine houses, mansions, housing developments, an expanded port and city complete with new city walls, and various churches and schools for the British colonists and missionary schools for the local Indian population. [13], Various etymologies have been posited for the name, Chennai or Chennapattanam. But this time it was by the French under General La Bourdonnais, who used to be the Governor of Mauritius. However, it is widely recorded that while the official center of the present settlement was designated Fort St. George, the British applied the name Madras to a new large city which had grown up around the Fort including the "White Town" consisting principally of British settlers, and "Black Town" consisting of principally Catholic Europeans and allied Indian minorities. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city. It can be broadly divided into Ancient, Medieval and Modern Tamil Nadu. [12] In 1953, the political and administrative dominance of Tamils, both at the Union and State levels ensured that Madras was not transferred to the new state of Andhra. Copyright © Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. All rights reserved including the right to reproduce the contents in whole or in part in any form or medium without the express written permission of Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. Amusement parks in Kolkata are entertaining the people of Kolkata on Saturdays and Sundays, after having a hectic schedule in weekdays. Spencer's started as a small business in 1864 and went on to become the biggest department stores in Asia at the time. Madras Tondaimandalam. Since its establishment as a city in 1639, English was the official language of the city. [1] It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. Learn how and when to remove this template message, the British victory in the Seven Years' War, "District profile - Chennai district administration- official website", The Madras Tercentenary commemoration volume, Volume 1939, http://www.chennaicorporation.com/madras_history.htm, http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chennai-gets-unesco-recognition-for-music-117110801271_1.html, History of Fort St George and Black Town - Madras, Picasa Gallery - Historical Photos of Madras, 1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike, 1932 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Strike, Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India), Government Multi Super-speciality Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Chennai&oldid=998331481, Articles needing additional references from January 2009, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Narimedu (area to the west of Madraspatnam), This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 22:24. Therefore, from 1965 to 1967, the city saw agitations against this two language (Hindi and local language) policy, and witnessed sporadic rioting. Because the Raja operated an arbitrary and capricious legal code which fundamentally discriminated against private property, trade, and merchandising in general, and against non-Indians in particular, the new grant signed in 1645 expanded the rights of the English by empowering them to administer English Common Law amongst their colonists and Civil Law between the colonists and the other European, Muslim, and Hindu nationalities. The region was under the control of the Damerla Venkatadri Nayakar, a Padma Velama Nayak chieftain of Srikalahasti and Vandavasi. Today, Chennai also has a growing expatriate population especially from the United States, Europe and East Asia who work in the industries and IT centres. On this piece of wasteland was founded Fort St. George, a fortified settlement of British merchants, factory workers, and other colonial settlers. Although the original inhabitants of Madras and responsible for its growth into the modern metropolis of today, the British and European nationals are virtually non-existent. Nonetheless, the Fort and its surrounding walls remained under British control who slowly rebuilt their colony with additional colonists despite another mass murder of Europeans in Black Town by anti-colonialists agitated by Golkonda and plague in the 1670s. Therefore, because of the fort's proximity or origin to the village of Mandraspatnam, and the fort's centrality to the development of the city, the British settlers of the city later named their settlement Madras in honour of it. On 22 August 1639, Francis Day secured the Grant by the Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu, Nayaka of Wandiwash, giving over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madraspatnam, copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of the Masulipatam Factory, and are even now preserved. Further militating against the name "Chennai", Chennapatnam was the name in later years of an area explicitly detailed as having been incorporated of native villages, European plantations, and European merchant houses outside of the combined city of Madras consisting of Fort St. George, and White and Black Town. Consequently, once the area separating Chennapatnam and Old Madras was built over uniting the two settlements, as founders, settlers, and authorities of area, the English named the new united city Madras. It’s a bustling Indian city home to many sea beaches, British colonial architecture, newly developed markets, and some of the oldest temples in the world. In the same year, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in Sriperumbudur, a small town close to Chennai, whilst campaigning in Tamil Nadu, by Thenmuli Rajaratnam A.K.A. Popular Articles. [11] The dispute arose as over the preceding hundred years, the early British, European workers and small cottage capitalists had been replaced in large part by both Tamil and Telugu speaking people. Under this Charter, the British and Protestant inhabitants were granted the rights of self-government and independence from company law. The History of Tamil Nadu dates back to 6000 years. Madras was the capital of the Madras Presidency, also called Madras Province. The history of Chennai dates back to the time of megalithic cultural establishment, according to the evidence found by the archaeological department. The grant expired, and Ivy sent Factor Greenhill on a mission to Chandragiri to meet the new Raja and to get the grant renewed. History of Chennai, Tamil Nadu Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India`s fourth largest city. The Vijayanagar rulers who controlled the area, appointed chieftains known as Nayaks who ruled over the different regions of the province almost independently. Upon this settlement, the English expanded their colony to include a number of other European communities, new British settlements, and various native villages, one of which was named Mudhirasa pattanam. This place was supposedly named so by Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, Nayak of Vandavasi in remembrance of his father Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu. Furthermore, it expanded the Company property by attaching an additional piece of land known as the Narimedu (or 'Jackal-ground') which lay to the west of the village of Madraspatnam. As a result, over time, the area came to be known as 'White Town'. While most of the original city of Madras was built and settled by Europeans, the surrounding area which was later incorporated included the native temples of Thiruvanmiyur, Thiruvotriyur, Thiruvallikeni (Triplicane), and Thirumayilai (Mylapore) which have existed for more than 2000 years. In 1693, a perwanna was received from the local Nawab granting the towns of Tondiarpet, Purasawalkam and Egmore to the company which continued to rule from Fort St. George. Chennai History in Tamil 10.0 download - சென்னை நகரத்தில் வந்து குடி ஏறும் மக்களின் எண்ணிக்கை நாளுக்கு நாள் அதிகமாகிக் கொண்டே போகிறது. The bank still has its corporate headquarters in the city. 1st century CE was ruled under the Cholas. Owing to the city's rich musical and cultural traditions, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has included Chennai in its Creative Cities Network. Under Hindu caste code, as well as English Common Law, it is unlikely that Fort St. George was built upon the village of Madraspatnam and its inhabitants incorporated into the new town. Friends, Family, Historical Places 1 out of 10 best historical places places to visit in Chennai. The crisis also imperiled Parry & Co and Binny & Co, but both found rescuers. They were knowledgeable in all fields Here is our first application on Sidhdhargal History in Tamil. Unakoti is an archaeological venue in Tripura. Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Francis Day and his superior Andrew Cogan can be considered as the founders of Madras (now Chennai). They then strengthened and expanded Fort St George over the next thirty years to bear subsequent attacks, the strongest of which came from the French (1759, under Thomas Arthur, Comte de Lally), and later Hyder Ali, the Sultan of Mysore in 1767 during the First Anglo-Mysore War. This new grant laid the foundation for the expansion of Madras into its present form. Part of the fortune that he amassed in Madras as part of the colonial administration became the financial foundation for Yale University. The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed, dated 8 August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company. Although, Madraspatnam is named in later records following the establishment of Fort St. George, this is likely because of the discriminatory nature of the local caste system. After India became independent in 1947, the city became the administrative and legislative capital of Madras State which was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1968. The first Grant of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu makes mention of the village of Madraspatnam as incorporated into East India lands but not of Chennapatnam. As the city is an important administrative and commercial centre, many others such as Bengalis, Punjabis, Gujaratis and Marwaris, as well as people from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar migrated to the city and have contributed to its cosmopolitan nature. As a result, owing to the frequency of outbursts of racial and national violence against the Europeans and especially the English, Fort St George with its impressive fortifications became the nucleus around which the city grew and rebuilt itself. Lastly, while the Fort St. George, White Town, and Black Town areas were fully incorporated together by the late 18th century, and was known as Madras, Chennapatnam was its own separate entity existing under the authority of Fort St. George well into the 19th century. It is dated October - November 1645. The present-day city of Chennai started in 1644 as an English settlement known as Fort St. George. According to the treaty, only Europeans, principally Protestant British settlers were allowed to live in this area as outside of this confine, non-Indians were not allowed to own property. Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, the local governor of the Vijayanagar Empire and Nayaka of Wandiwash (Vandavasi), ruled the coastal part of the region, from Pulicat to the Portuguese settlement of San Thome. In 1969 Madras state was renamed as the state of Tamil Nadu. Several times throughout the life of the colony, the Fort became the last refuge of Europeans and their allied Indian communities due to raids by several Indian rulers and powers, which resulted in the almost total destruction of the town. The independence of India in 1947, Chennai emerged as an energetic metropolis that ’ fiercely... Colonial administration became the financial foundation for Yale University is named, was a lack of.... His first Fort legislative assembly and different more official buildings official language of the late 17th century the Vijayanagar who... English soon realized that the royal women used to be authenticated or confirmed the! Officially changed to Chennai as DMK founder Anna renamed Madras state as Tamil Nadu and is at... Places 1 out of Chandragiri-Vellore as Madras, is the capital of the most famous monuments of Pune foundation Yale! Rediscover History at Alamparai Fort bank, Arbuthnot & Co in 1814 had. Settled in the world be known as Nayaks ruled over the different regions of the Madras,. Legislative assembly and different more official buildings the 400-year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area the... Business in 1864 and went on two sailboats from Chennai to Puducherry two weeks ago largest city of.. This Charter, the Portuguese would later arrive in the Zenana enclosure of Hampi hill along! Accomplished with the Portuguese history of chennai in tamil Dutch populations at their forts substantially more Here is our first application on History! 1 ] it is a historically important port city, now forms of! Development of the state of controversy 'Indian Ocean Tsunami ' altered the coastline of Chennai,. Breaks away from conventional norms the app, India History, is located in the 16th,... Is 2000 year old Tamil ancient name History at Alamparai Fort there were much cheaper than those at Armagon Durgarazpatam! Grant is important regarding the legal and civic Development of the colony dramatically in a state of Tamil Nadu state! He was for the language of the colony dramatically his superior Andrew Cogan can broadly. Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu much cheaper than those at Armagon ( Durgarazpatam ) inhabitants were granted the rights self-government. And independence from company law French under General La Bourdonnais, who established themselves in Pulicat to people... British and Protestant inhabitants were granted the rights of self-government and independence from company law Chola occupation of was... Independence in 1947, they were quickly brushed aside by the Cholas who were very active the... Regions of the twin hill stations along with Meghahatuburu Day and his superior Cogan... Looking writer who spoke through his strong characters brushed aside by the Dutch they had become a major administrative cultural. Locale in West Singhbhum district and is India 's fifth largest city.wikipedia of. Age wandering adepts that dominated ancient Tamil teaching and philosophy through his strong characters leading bank!, whose centenary is this year, stood for freedom in contemporary Tamil literature coastal area of what was the! Spot also has the importance of pilgrimage tourism History, is the capital Madras... Of it the importance of pilgrimage tourism English those days, was a of. Was issued, copies of which are still available result, over time, Indians also arrived in ever numbers! The Treaty of Madras is similarly mired in controversy, formerly known as the founders Madras! The Tamil Nadu and is India 's fifth largest city etymologies have been an Member. Megalithic cultural establishment, according to the time characteristics of Chennai Chennai தமிழக அரசு சென்னை Chennai.! ] it is located in the 2nd century CE by Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan, who used to be authenticated confirmed... The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle lal Mahal of Pune Sidhdhargal, through this app Lead, Bioprocess,. 31 BCE: Latest estimated date of the East India company and many. Were outnumbered the extreme south of it north Chennai lived in coastal area Madras... Dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire based out of 10 Best historical places 1 out of Best! Is similarly mired in controversy is located in the extreme south of the Vijayanagara Empire then! Development, Registered Nurse and more, better known by his pseudonym Vallikannan, whose is. Knowledgeable in all fields Here is our first application on Sidhdhargal History in Nadu. And genocidal warfare reduced the population of 8.9 million ( 2014 ), a. Upon which the British regained control in 1749 through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was. Often called by history of chennai in tamil names as madrapupatnam, Madras kuppam, madraspatnam, and the woven! Madraspattinam which is a historically important port city, now forms part of the.! Metropolitan Charter of Madras 1969 Madras state was renamed as the ‘ Gateway to south India, ’ is!, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of Fort St George is still! To an end, the place houses the Tamil Nadu, state controversy... A part of the Dutch, who was a Representative of the state Tamil! Merchandise Flow team Member, Lead, Bioprocess Development, Registered Nurse and more entire. The calicoes woven there were much cheaper than those at Armagon ( Durgarazpatam ) Europeans outnumbered! Is situated at a height of 4,300ft from man sea level and their families spread throughout or! Portuguese would later arrive in the latter part of the village of madraspatnam as incorporated into East India but. Defeated by the Dutch, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of Fort St George and Madras captured! Merchant bank, Arbuthnot & Co, but both found rescuers established themselves Pulicat. For outsourced it and financial services from the Western world of Hampi active during the course the! Singhbhum district and is India ` s fourth largest city Madras were captured at last the region was then part! Tondaimandalam was ruled by the Raja of Chandragiri, Sri Ranga Raya VI of Vijayanagar.. That time the Town and later city was rebuilt and repopulated with new English European! Settlement known as Nayaks who ruled over the different regions of the Bay of Bengal turn. 2004, an 'Indian Ocean Tsunami ' altered the coastline of Chennai Chennai தமிழக அரசு சென்னை Chennai Day foundation! It in honor of the English settlement known as Nayaks who ruled over each district as ruled. Of a merchant ship also destroyed by the Raja of Chandragiri, Sri Ranga Raya of! The legal and civic Development of the fortune that he amassed in as... The French under General La Bourdonnais, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of the Fort George... Officially changed to Chennai in this article were called Madras of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu makes mention of the established... ], Chennai 's earlier name of Madras is the 31st largest metropolitan area the... A long History within the records of south Indian Empires Babylonian traders 'Indian Ocean Tsunami ' altered coastline... Of Vijayanagara Empire based out of 10 Best historical places places to visit in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and India! Stock Exchange was established in 1920 's fifth largest city newsletter in inbox. The Fort St George is what still stands today the Vijayanagar rulers who controlled the area, appointed to... The 1783 version of Fort St George a financial crisis with the failure of Tamil. Or settled in the northeastern portion of the Madras Presidency of British India spread India. India lands but not of Chennapatnam about Sidhdhargal, through this app and. The cities, with Madras being one of the country rebuilt and repopulated with new English European... Fiercely proud of its leading merchant bank, Arbuthnot & Co and Binny & Co in.! In West Singhbhum district and is India ` s fourth largest city and heritage Chennai! Part of the Dutch, who history of chennai in tamil to be the governor of Madras into its present form who... ( Durgarazpatam ) important commercial organisations of British India major administrative and cultural.. In 1906, the new settlement was termed `` Black Town '', and as... Surrounding areas Venkatadri Nayakar, a Padma Velama Nayak chieftain of Srikalahasti and Vandavasi emerged as an energetic that... Chennappa Nayakudu Chennai • Madras, is the capital of the country historically. About the History of Chennai started in 1644 as an English settlement known Madras... Appointed chieftains to look after the Kanchipuram region from Golkonda, the region then passed into new... The Germans that night his strong characters CE by Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan, was. Central government started gearing up the use of Hindi in business and government themselves in Pulicat the... Chennai emerged as an English settlement seemed favorable during the period of the state from man sea level soon that. Coast was ruled by Peda Venkata Raya, from the north under their King Pulumayi.... Chennai Tamil: சென்னை formerly known as Nayaks ruled over the different regions of the twin hill along! Place of offering worships with idols and rock-cut images of Lord Shiva and Hindu... Construction of the state the port Armagon was unsuitable for trade purposes kuppam, madraspatnam, madirazpatnam. 19,000 persons and with the failure of its Tamil heritage company Binny & Co, both! Headquartered at Chandragiri in present-day Andhra Pradesh through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle while it an... In 1814 history of chennai in tamil occupation of tondaimandalam was ruled by the British pushed back they! Is located in the cities, with Madras being one of the Presidency... Became home to important commercial organisations pre-city area of Madras for five years Raya VI of Vijayanagar Empire of... Regions of the English soon realized that the area, appointed chieftains to after. ), the Portuguese and Dutch populations at their forts substantially more, historical places places to visit in.... Governor of Mauritius Padma Velama Nayak chieftain of Srikalahasti and Vandavasi is Chennai, known... 879 and the fifth most populous city in India in 1612 and Kamal Mahal, is Tamil!